{"id":13716,"date":"2021-08-04T11:30:07","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T02:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tekuto.com\/?page_id=13716"},"modified":"2021-08-04T11:39:27","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T02:39:27","slug":"ethiopia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tekuto.com\/en\/story\/ethiopia","title":{"rendered":"Ethiopia\u30fbMillennium\u30fbPavilion"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"Background<\/h2>\n

In 2007, to coincide with the year 2000 on the Ethiopian calendar, the Embassy of Japan in Ethiopia asked me to design a building to serve as a bridge between Japan and Ethiopia.
\nIt is located in the city of Gondar, the second largest city in Ethiopia, which flourished as the capital of the Gondar dynasty in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the palace in the center of the city, Fajr Gebi, is registered as a World Heritage Site.<\/p>\n

\uff1e\u300cClick here to visit the Ethiopia Millennium Pavilion \u300dpage.<\/a><\/p>\n

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A Bridge between Japan and Ethiopia<\/h2>\n

We focused on the traditional dwellings of both countries.
\nThe traditional Ethiopian round dwelling consists of simple masonry walls and a wooden roof structure with only wooden beams.<\/p>\n

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Old Houses in Shimane Prefecture<\/h2>\n

At the same time, we were conducting a survey on the reuse of old private houses in Shimane Prefecture. There were many old houses that were decaying due to the depopulation of the villages and the loss of their owners and users.
\nWe wondered if we could find new value by relocating old houses that had been left vacant in Japan and discarded circular masonry dwellings in Ethiopia, and rebuilding them as the Japan Pavilion and the Ethiopia Pavilion, respectively. In a nutshell, the idea was to create a new value. In a word, “reorganization of value”.<\/p>\n

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About Old Japanese Houses<\/h2>\n

In Japan, the method of directly combining and joining timbers has been handed down for over 1000 years.
\nAs a result, buildings can be maintained for many years without the use of hardware, and techniques for relocating buildings have also developed.
\nOld wood from old houses that have been built for nearly a hundred years has been dried naturally and is said to be stronger than new wood. In addition, the wood is made from huge, solid pieces of wood that are hard to find nowadays, making it valuable as a building material.
\nThe beautiful processing of old houses and the traditional techniques used in them are too valuable to be simply disposed of.<\/p>\n

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Transporting old houses<\/h2>\n

The project began with the transportation of an old Japanese house to Ethiopia.
\nAfter a week of dismantling the old house donated by Ota City in Shimane Prefecture, the pillars, beams, shoji screens, and other structures were loaded into containers and shipped to Gondar.
\nHowever, in order to reuse local resources, it would be a disservice to the environment if the long-distance transportation put a burden on the environment.
\nMany old houses that are not used are destined to be dismantled and incinerated. Therefore, we calculated the amount of CO\u00b2 emitted when dismantling and incinerating old houses and when relocating them.<\/p>\n

Incinerating 6,453kg of lumber from the demolition of an old private house with a floor space of about 17 tsubo would generate about 10.6 tons of CO2, while transporting the lumber by truck and ship for relocation would generate only about 2.2 tons of CO2. In other words, this project will reduce CO2 emissions by about 8.4 tons.
\n(Referring to the methods used by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and Mitsui O.S.K. Lines to calculate CO2 emissions)<\/p>\n

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Building Japanese Architecture in Ethiopia<\/h2>\n

In Gondar, all the materials except for the frame and the shoji cleats were procured locally and assembled by local craftsmen under the supervision of Atelier Tenkohjin.
\nWhen building the foundation, we instructed them on the “stone-ground construction” method. Ishiba-building is a traditional construction method unique to Japan in which pillars are simply placed on top of the foundation stones without tying the building to the foundation.
\nThe structure of the Japanese pavilion is a wood-frame construction method in which pillars and beams are assembled. For the local craftsmen, who were used to the masonry method, this was their first experience with wooden framework.<\/p>\n

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Fusion of Japanese architecture and local materials<\/h2>\n

Except for the frame of the Japanese pavilion, local materials were used.
\nFor the shoji screens, instead of Japanese paper, we used a thin local fabric. The roof is made of papyrus thatched over bamboo sheets and tin for waterproofing.
\nThe entrance is surrounded by a masonry wall and a eucalyptus tree fence, and the ground is covered with stones to resemble a Japanese architectural space where the building and the garden merge.
\nWith the help of Ethiopian materials and local craftsmen, a traditional Japanese old house was reborn.
\nIn this way, an old house from Shimane Prefecture has been revived in Gondar.<\/p>\n

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Abandoned roundhouse<\/h2>\n

The Ethiopian pavilion, on the other hand, was reconstructed using materials from a traditional circular dwelling that had also been vacant, and using local construction methods. The Ethiopian traditional dwelling, which had been abandoned and was decaying, was relocated.
\nWhen the local people become a little richer, they move into concrete houses. These houses were considered old and shabby, and many of the disused masonry dwellings had been discarded.<\/p>\n

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7:3 law<\/h2>\n

We take a stance of respecting the traditional, inheriting 70% of what is old and adding only 30% of what is new.
\nThe 30% here can be summed up in three elements.<\/p>\n

1. glass blocks brought from Japan were piled up on the masonry walls to form high side windows, bringing light into the space.
\n2. the beam structure supporting the roof was made as simple as possible.
\n3. we re-edited the traditional woven ceiling, referring to a 500-year-old church that is a world heritage site.<\/p>\n

With these three design edits, the interior space has changed dramatically.<\/p>\n

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Value Reorganization<\/h2>\n

In this way, an old Japanese house and an Ethiopian roundhouse that had been abandoned were reborn as the Japanese and Ethiopian pavilions of the Ethiopian Millennium Pavilion.
\nBy relocating disused architecture to a different social and cultural environment, and adding 30% new design, a “re-editing of values” was created through a fusion of tradition and innovation.<\/p>\n

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Two cultures meet.<\/h2>\n

The “Ethiopian Millennium Pavilion” is a place where the cultures of Japan and Ethiopia meet and where new activities are born.
\nIt is operated as a social and cultural facility for exchange programs between the two countries, performing arts such as music and dance, and related exhibitions and sales.<\/p>\n

In architecture, it is necessary to consider not only the construction of hardware but also the assembly of software (culture).
\nThere is value even in things that have been abandoned.
\nUsing the method of relocation, this project realized a new way of architecture that is neither global nor regional.<\/p>\n

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